Module 1
Anatomy and normal sonographic appearances of the bony cranium; embryonic brain; cerebral lobes and
fissures; medical care of the neonate during scanning; imaging approaches; examination protocol;
documentation and standard viewing conventions.
Module 2
Anatomy and normal sonographic appearances of the cerebral commissures; basal nuclei;
thalamus and hypothalamus; functional areas of the cerebral cortex; the midbrain; hindbrain;
subarachnoid spaces; folds of dura mater and the ventricular system.
Module 3
Blood supply to the brain; veins of the brain; venous sinuses; Doppler theory, technique and
applications in normal and abnormal preterm and term infants.
Module Content - Part 2
Module 1
Sonographic pathology: hydrocephalus - types, measurements, effects, treatment, complications
and sonographic appearances. Intracranial hemorrhage - clinical findings, causes, timing, scan
protocol, blood tests, types of ICH, grading, ECMO, hypoxic-ischemic disease and sonographic
appearances.
Module 2
Sonographic pathology: congenital disorders; inflammatory disorders; intracranial neoplasms and
sonographic appearances. Physics, instrumentation and artifacts.
Module 3
Sonographic pathology: spinal sonography-anatomy, functions, cord tethering, open and closed d
ysraphism, tumors and sonographic appearances. Intraoperative Neurosonography - equipment,
technique and applications.
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